PSG has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome Marseille in the Gulf and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown between the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, the southern French side fired twice in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.